What could be causing this sputter?

About a month ago I was on road and lost power, truck started to sputter really bad. I ended up replacing the fuel filters and when I got it started, I was able to drive it home. Since then, I’ve driven it maybe four more times. It’s a dump truck so not too far.
Today I was on a job and it started the sputtering again, lost power, I limped to a spot to stop. Shut it down and it won’t start again. Same exact issue I had before.
These filters are new. Don’t remember how long the previous set was on before this happened the first time, but easily eight months longer. What could be causing this to happen again? No idea where to begin.

 

When I started the truck this morning it was 3 degrees and it hated me for starting it. I just took them off and dumped. They both had lime green diesel come out. I filled each a few times with diesel, shook them and dumped. Just put them back on. Now I’m waiting for someone to come push the start button while I spray ether.
There isn’t a truck parts store open here again until Monday, so I need to reuse these to at least get me home.

 

This is strange! I got the truck started. It was running fine. I took off to head home. Within 5 miles it started to lose power and sputter again. Speed dropped to 40 floored. I put hazards on, wife was following with hazards on behind me. I limped to a truck stop where I intended to leave it until I could get a mechanic there. I was uncertain of the area. I was 16 miles from home. I revved it and it seemed to be fine. I shut it off and it started right back. Did this twice. I said what the hell and hit the road again. It drove totally fine, I got home and parked it. Don’t know what’s going on. Could it be I reused the old fuel filter, could it be injectors? Certainly seems to be fuel related.
This is a new problem.

 

Cat 3406e 1LW